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The Great Purge of 1936-1938 in the Soviet Union can be roughly divided into four periods:〔(N.G. Okhotin, A.B. Roginsky ''"Great Terror": Brief Chronology ) Memorial, 2007〕 ;October 1936 - February 1937: Reforming the security organizations, adopting official plans for purging the elites. ;March 1937 - June 1937: Purging the Elites; Adoption of plans for the mass repressions against the "social base" of the potential aggressors, start of purging the "opposition" from the "elites". ;July 1937 - October 1938: Mass repressions against "kulaks", "dangerous" ethnic minorities, family members of opposition members, military officers, Saboteurs in agriculture and industry. ;November 1938 - 1939: So called Beria thaw: stopping of mass operations, abolition of many organs which imposed extrajudicial executions, punishment of some organizers of mass repressions. ==1936== ;March 9: Resolution of Politburo on "Measures for Protecting the USSR from infiltration of spies, terrorist and diversion elements." It stated that the USSR accepted too many political immigrants some of which are connected with the police of capitalist states. The resolution created a commission chaired by Secretary of Central Committee of Communist Party Nikolai Yezhov on purging from the spies international organization of the territory of the Soviet Union ;March 25: NKVD chief Genrikh Yagoda submitted a proposal to the Politburo for sending "all the Trotskyists" into the "remote camps". ;April 28: Decree of Sovnarkom which ordered "Expulsion of 15,000 ethnic Polish and German families from Ukraine and transfer of them to Kazakhstan". The decision was motivated by the need to clear the border regions of unreliable people. All together 69,283 people were transferred. ;May 20: Politburo accepts Yagoda's proposal on Trotskyists. ;June 19: Yagoda and the Prosecutor General of the USSR, Andrey Vyshinsky, sent to the Politburo a list of 82 members of a "contra-revolutionary Trotskyist organization". The list included Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev ;July 29: Classified letter from the Politburo ''On terrorist actions of Trotsky-Zinoviev group''. The letter stepped up the propaganda campaign against "Trotskyists". ;August 19 - August 24: Trial of the "Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Center". Among the sixteen sentenced to death were Zinoviev, Kamenev, Ter-Vaganyan, and Smirnov. ; September 14: Arrest of Georgy Pyatakov and two days later Karl Radek ; September 25: Telegram from Joseph Stalin and Andrei Zhdanov (who had been on vacation in Sochi) to the Politburo: "We consider it is absolutely necessary to assign Yezhov to head the NKVD. Yagoda is obviously too weak for this position. The NKVD was four years late in the Trotsky-Zinoviev case." ; September 26: Yagoda was transferred to the position of Narkom of Communications. Yezhov became Narkom of Internal Affairs (head of the NKVD), while keeping his positions as a Secretary of Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Chairman of the CPSU Party Control Committee. ; September 29: The Politburo issued the declaration ''On our attitude towards counter-revolutionary Trotskyists-Zinovievists''. The declaration states "Previously we considered Trotskyists as a political avant-garde of the international bourgeoisie. We were wrong. These gentlemen went even lower. They are spies, wreckers and saboteurs of the Fascist bourgeoisie in Europe.... Thus, we need to finish them off; not only those under investigations but also those imprisoned and exiled." ;October 4: The Politburo approved the proposal by Yezhov and Vyshinsky for sentencing 585 new "members of Trotskyist-Zinovievist block". This set the precedent of sentencing by lists. ;October 19 - October 22: The so-called Kemerovo trial'' in Novosibirsk. The case concerned a disaster in the "Tsnrallnaya" coal mine in Kemerovo. 10 people were sentenced to death as Trotskyists preparing a terrorist act. Later some of the sentenced persons were witnesses in Moscow trials. ;November 13: A letter from NKVD on "discovering and destroying the Eser underground" started mass arrests and imprisonments of former members of Socialist-Revolutionary Party including those already exiled. ;November 13: An order of the NKVD and the Procurator-General of the USSR, ''On streamlining investigations of railroad catastrophes'', required investigation of each railroad accident and sentencing of those found responsible in three days after the incident. ;November 29: An order of the Procurator-General of the USSR requires thorough investigations of all past fires, accidents, etc in order to discover the saboteurs responsible. ;December 4 and December 7: Report of Yezhov to the Plenum of the Communist Party Central Committee. Yezhov mentioned thousand of discovered Trotskyist spies, reported the arrests of Pyatakov and Radek, and accused Nikolai Bukharin and Alexey Rykov of being in the ''Anti-Soviet Right Center''. In the following discussion the Central Committee considered the possible arrest of Bukharin, but agreed to delay the decision until the next plenum (the resolution was proposed by Joseph Stalin). ;December 5: The Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union adopted the 1936 Soviet Constitution. The constitution proclaimed equal rights of all citizens. ;December 17: The Sovnarkom issued the decree ''On exiling counter-revolutionary elements from Azerbaijan to Iran and remote regions of the Soviet Union''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of the Great Purge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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